Descriere

Manuscrise tibetane si birmane

ENGLISH

We attach below some examples of the first 46 sheets (91 manuscript pages), to which are added a few pages detached and utilized from an archival inventory containing hundreds of Tibetans, Burmese, etc. manuscripts. The size of the tabs is generally 370 x 135 mm. One of the detached pages of a manuscript notebook (which is not existent anymore) is somewhat larger.

The notebooks with carved wooden covers featuring five Buddhas (cast in bronze) have not been exploited until now.

A series of manuscript pages were attacked by mites, each opening of the notebooks resulted in loss of material. Centuries ago, these manuscripts, like the Romanian ones, were affected by fires, the smell of smoke being pertinent, even unbearable in closed spaces.

The hemp thread with which the first notebook was bound was consumed by the fire, the pages detached, still the writing didn’t suffer any significant damage (the text remained legible). The three manuscript notebooks bound in a single volume, which we have dealt with in part, have the following composition:

Notebook I: 14 tabs/28 manuscript pages: tab 1 = 5 rows recto, 6 rows verso; tab 2 = 8/8; 3 = 8/8; 4 = 7/8; 5 = 8/9; 6-10 = 8/8; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8; 13 = 9/8; 14 = 8/8.

Notebook II: 19 tabs/38 manuscript pages: tab 1 = 9 rows recto, 8 rows verso; 2 = 8/8; 3 = 9/8; 4 = 8/8; 5-6 = 9/8; 7 = 9/8; 8 = 1.5/7; 9 = 7/7; 10 = 8/7; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8; 13 = 10/9; 14 = 9/8; 15 = 8/9; 16 = 8/9; 17-18 = 9/8; 19 = 6/8.

Notebook III: 13 tabs/25 manuscript pages: Tab 1 and 2 contain 9 rows recto, 8 rows verso; pp. 3-4 = 9/9; 5-7 = 9/8; 8 = 8/9; 9 = 8/8; 10-12 = 9/9; 13 = 7/0.

One of the detached pages from a preserved notebook, contains 8 recto lines and 8 verso lines. Another tab that does not belong to the three notebooks – see obs. above (Signature: 1835/…) has slightly larger dimensions – 140 x 375 mm, with 6 lines placed on each of the two manuscript pages (one-line counts around 60 letters/signs). The notebooks are written in three different palaeographies. A papyrus discovered independently of the collection (Signature: 1825/…), written on both pages – 6 + 6 lines -, has dimensions of 85 x 480 mm and is also reproduced below.

Analyzing the Romanian incantations but also those of some ethnic groups in Romania, we discover similarities which, as I have already stated, support the theory of the incipient existence of an Indo-European group of which more than half of the planet’s speakers belong today – speakers of the languages Sino-Tibetan and Afro-Asiatic.

In the context of the above, the ancient manuscripts sheltered by us can constitute written records capable of highlighting a number of aspects of the culture and religion of the Proto-Indo-Europeans, thus reconstructing the related cultures of  Indo-European speakers – both ancient and modern ones.

We will briefly describe some Buddhist practices, found in the texts used by us:

1. Desire fulfillment through prayer, offering incense

Post-Vajrayana Buddhists honor Padmasambhava by presenting him smoke offerings. They are followed by other thanksgiving offerings, intended to cleanse the defilements accumulated over several incarnations;

2. The prayer for long life

This prayer is practiced throughout life. It was composed and written by Khandro Yeshe Tshogyal and hidden, like a treasure, among the rocks of the mountains and at the bottom of the lakes. The different variations of this prayer have been discovered by treasure hunters;

3. Vairasattva (= Boddhisatva). Meditation practice

For the purification of sins and negative Karma, Vajrasattva meditation is the most powerful incantation practiced in the Vairanana tradition of Buddhism.

These prayers were invoked thousands of years ago. We continue to reproduce some texts of Tibetan incantations – transcribed, translated and explained with minisummaries in English, German, Serbian/Croatian and Romanian language.

Representative texts, such as the two pages of papyrus and two disparate sheets, were transcribed in tabular form, the original content being given in the original and Latin script.

The original version in the table has been reproduced, whenever possible, in a single line, enlarging and reducing the fonts in order to obtain an appropriate optical image. Longer lines were rendered in smaller fonts.

The papyri, given for analogy with the theological text approaching scholastic concepts and Islamic mysticism,  differ from the structure of the rhetorical and grammatical verse, presupposing a good knowledge of the circumstances to which the verse refers.

DEUTSCH

Wir fügen unten einige Beispiele der ersten 46 Blätter (91 Manuskriptseiten) bei, zu denen einige Seiten hinzugefügt werden, die aus einem Archivinventar entnommen und verwendet wurden, dass Hunderte von tibetischen, birmanischen usw. Manuskripten enthält.

Die Größe der Blätter beträgt in der Regel 370 x 135 mm. Eine der abgetrennten Seiten eines handschriftlichen Heftbuches (nicht mehr erhalten) ist etwas größer. Die Heftbücher mit geschnitzten Holzdeckeln mit fünf Buddhas (in Bronze gegossen) wurden bisher nicht verwertet.

Eine Reihe von Manuskriptseiten wurde von Milben befallen, jedes Öffnen der Notizbücher führte zu Materialverlust.

Vor Jahrhunderten wurden diese Handschriften, wie auch die rumänischen, von Bränden beschädigt, der Rauchgeruch war deutlich spürbar, ja unerträglich in geschlossenen Räumen.

Der Hanffaden, mit dem das erste Notizbuch gebunden war, wurde vom Feuer verzehrt, die Seiten lösten sich, ohne dass die Schrift aber nennenswerten Schaden erlitt (der Text blieb lesbar). Die drei in einem Band gebundenen Manuskripthefte, die wir teilweise behandelt haben, zeigen folgenden Aufbau:

Heft I: 14 Blätter/28 Manuskriptseiten: Blatt 1 = 5 Reihen recto, 6 Reihen verso; Blatt 2 = 8/8; 3 = 8/8; 4 = 7/8; 5 = 8/9; 6-10 = 8/8; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8; 13 = 9/8; 14 = 8/8.

Heft II: 19 Blätetr/38 Manuskriptseiten: Blatt 1 = 9 Reihen recto, 8 Reihen verso; 2 = 8/8; 3 = 9/8; 4 = 8/8; 5-6 = 9/8; 7 = 9/8; 8 = 1,5/7; 9 = 7/7; 10 = 8/7; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8; 13 = 10/9; 14 = 9/8; 15 = 8/9; 16 = 8/9; 17-18 = 9/8; 19 = 6/8.

Heft III: 13 Blätter/25 Manuskriptseiten: Blatt 1 und 2 enthalten 9 Reihen recto, 8 Reihen verso; S. 3-4 = 9/9; 5-7 = 9/8; 8 = 8/9; 9 = 8/8; 10-12 = 9/9; 13 = 7/0.

Eine der abgetrennten Seiten eines erhaltenen Manuskriptheftes enthält 8 Recto-Zeilen und 8 Verso-Zeilen. Ein weiterer Satz, der nicht zu den drei Heften gehört – siehe Notiz oben (Signatur: 1835/…) hat etwas größere Abmessungen: 140 x 375 mm, mit 6 Zeilen auf jeder der beiden Handschriftseiten (eine Zeile zählt etwa 60 Buchstaben/Zeichen).

ROMÂNĂ

Caietul I: 14 file/28 de pagini manuscrise:

fila 1 = 5 rânduri recto, 6 rânduri verso; fila 2 = 8/8; 3 = 8/8; 4 = 7/8;

5 = 8/9; 6-10 = 8/8; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8; 13 = 9/8; 14 = 8/8.

Caietul II: 19 file/38 de pagini manuscrise:

Fila 1 = 9 rânduri recto, 8 rânduri verso; 2 = 8/8; 3 = 9/8; 4 = 8/8;

5-6 = 9/8; 7 = 9/8; 8 = 1,5/7; 9 = 7/7; 10 = 8/7; 11 = 8/9; 12 = 8/8;

13 = 10/9; 14 = 9/8; 15 = 8/9; 16 = 8/9; 17-18 = 9/8; 19 = 6/8.

Caietul III: 13 file/25 de pagini manuscrise:

Filele 1 și 2 conțin 9 rânduri recto, 8 rânduri verso; pag. 3-4 = 9/9; 5-7 =

9/8; 8 = 8/9; 9 = 8/8; 10-12 = 9/9; 13 = 7/0.

Una dintre filele detașate dintr-un caiet păstrat, conține 8 rânduri recto și 8 rânduri verso. O altă filă care nu aparține celor trei caiete – v. obs. de mai sus (Signatura: 1835/…) – are dimensiunile ceva mai mari: 140 x 375 mm, având 6 rânduri puse pe fiecare dintre cele două pagini manuscrise (un rând numără în jur de 60 de litere/semne). Caietele sunt redactate în trei paleografii diferite.

Un papirus, descoperit independent de colecție (Signatura: 1825/…), scris pe ambele pagini – 6+6 rânduri -, are dimensiunile de 85 x 480 mm fiind redat mai jos.

Analizând incantațiile românești dar și cele ale unor grupuri etnice din România[1], descoperim similitudini care, așa cum am mai afirmat, vin în sprijinul teoriei existenței incipiente a unui grup indo-european din care fac parte astăzi peste  jumătate din vorbitorii planetei – vorbitori ai limbilor sino-tibetane și afro-asiatice.

În contextul celor de mai sus, vechile manuscrise adăpostite de noi se pot constitui în înregistrări scrise capabile să scoată în evidență o serie de aspecte ale culturii și religiei proto-indo-europenilor, reconstruind astfel culturile înrudite ale vorbitorilor indo-europeni – atât culturile antice cât și cele moderne.

[1] Birta, 1993.